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‘Drill Bit’ embedded in coal indicates advanced civilizations existed on Earth before humans

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Discovered in the 19 century—experts came across a mysterious artifact, resembling a modern-day ‘Drill Bit’ embedded within a seam of coal that was about 22 inches thick. The item was examined and described in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, where experts concluded that the instrument was of a modern level of advancement. The coal in which the artifact was embedded in was millions of years old.


coal-drill-bit-lead- - ‘Drill Bit’ embedded in coal indicates advanced civilizations existed on Earth before humans


If there is anything that “describes” the term Forbidden archaeology than it must be this mysterious artifact discovered by researchers in the 19th century.

The artifact—which resembled a modern-day, man-made iron instrument— was discovered embedded in a large chunk of coal, suggesting that it was deposited in the organic matter that formed the coal before it became coal. The problem: The coal formed millions of years ago.

So how is this possible?

Does this mean that the conventional timeline of mankind’s origin is wrong?

Is it possible that this item—together with countless other artifacts—is proof that tens of thousands of years ago—even hundreds of thousands of years ago—ancient Earth was inhabited by advanced civilizations?

If we take a look at the numerous OOPARTS (Out-of-place-artifacts) that have been discovered on Earth, we notice that many of them suggest the history of man’s origin needs to be revised.

There is evidence around the globe that our planet was inhabited by extremely advanced ancient civilizations before written history. The conventional view of history suggests that humans have existed in our modern form for around 200,000 years, but our species history can be traced back millions of years.

This “drill bit” was found in a large chunk of coal that formed hundreds of millions of years ago.

Is it possible that millions of years ago, an extremely advanced civilization—perhaps one resembling our own—existed on Earth?

The curious artifact was presented at the meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland on Dec. 13, 1852 by John Buchanan, Esq who is quoted saying: “I quite agree in the generally received geological view, that the coal was formed long before man was introduced upon this planet; but the puzzle is, how this implement, confessedly of human hands, should have found its way into the coal seam, overlaid as the latter was by a heavy mass of diluvium and boulders.

Recorded in the Society’s proceedings are fully quoted below.

According to Buchanan, the mystery artifact was discovered within a seam of coal that was about 22 inches thick. The coal was recovered from a stratum of clay mixed with rocks, around 7 feet thick.

Upon examination, the Society agreed that the instrument recovered from the coal was of a modern level of advancement, however, they concluded that “the iron instrument might have been part of a borer broken during some former search for coal,” because no other explanation could have explained its origin.

Basically, they said it’s impossible for the tool to exist because the coal that contained the instrument was millions of years old. Mankind isn’t that old.

Interestingly, Buchanan’s report did not include any signs that the coal surrounding the mystery object was punctured by drilling.

He perfectly described a mysterious instrument that was bewilderingly encapsulated by coal.

Details about the mysterious artifact are recorded in the December 13, 1852, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (Volume 1):

“A communication was then read from John Buchanan, Esq., relative to the discovery of an iron instrument, lately found embedded in a natural seam of coal in the neighborhood of Glasgow. The instrument which was exhibited to the Meeting was considered to be modern. In his communication, Mr. Buchanan remarks: ‘I send herewith, for the inspection of the Society, a very curious iron instrument found last week in this locality. The interest attaching to this singular relic arises from the fact of its having been discovered in the heart of a piece of coal, seven feet under the surface.

To explain particulars, I beg to mention, that a new line of road, called the Great Western Road, was opened a few years ago, leading to the Botanic Gardens, which, you may be aware, are situated about two miles northwest from Glasgow. At a point on this new road are the lands of Burnbank, now in course of being extensively built upon. The person conducting these building operations is Mr. Robert Lindsay, wright and builder, a most respectable individual, well known to me, and on whose veracity implicit confidence may be placed. Now, when Mr. Lindsay came to excavate the foundations along the north side of the road for the range of houses, he cut through a bed of diluvium or clay mixed with boulders, seven feet thick, and then came on a seam of coal about twenty-two inches thick, cropping out almost to the very surface, and resting on freestone. It was necessary to remove this coal and cut into the stone below, which last was very opportune for building purposes.

A quantity of the coal so removed was carted over to Mr. Lindsay’s workshop or yard for use; and while his nephew, Robert Lindsay junior, an apprentice, was breaking up a block of the coal, he was surprised to find the iron instrument now sent in the very heart of it. At first, neither he nor the others about him could make out what it was, but after scraping and cleaning it from the coaly coating, it presented the appearance now before you. I send along with it a portion of the coal. Having been made aware of this discovery, I lost no time in seeing Mr. Lindsay senior; and accompanied him this day to the spot, and had the circumstances detailed to me by his nephew, and several of the respectable operatives who saw the instrument taken from the coal; and all of whom, Mr. Lindsay senior assures me, are persons whose statements may be implicitly relied upon.

The affidavits of five workmen who saw the iron instrument taken from the coal were also sent, and Mr. Buchanan further adds: ‘I quite agree in the generally received geological view, that the coal was formed long before man was introduced upon this planet; but the puzzle is, how this implement, confessedly of human hands, should have found its way into the coal seam, overlaid as the latter was by a heavy mass of diluvium and boulders. If the workmen who saw the relic disinterred are to be depended on (and I have no reason whatever to doubt their perfect veracity), then there may and must be some mode of accounting for the implement finding its way down eight or nine vertical feet from the surface.”


Reference:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Volume 1 By Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Scientists dug 12 km into our planet—what they found left me speechless

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YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/zz6v6OfoQvs?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1


Their main goal was set at 15,000 meters, however, drilling was halted when they reached 12,262 meters. The Kola Superdeep Borehole—aka Door to Hell—reached rocks of the Archaean age (greater than 2.5 billion years old) at the bottom. It is the deepest artificial point on our planet, and what scientists found at the bottom is beyond fascinating. 


what-s-at-the-bottom-of-the-deepest-hole-on-earth - Scientists dug 12 km into our planet—what they found left me speechless
The borehole itself (welded shut), August 2012. Rakot13. Wikimedia Commons.

We know more about distant alien worlds and moons than we know about the planet we live on. There are many parts of our planet which still remain unexplored, despite the fact that we have spacecrafts—like the voyager—which have already left our solar system.

Just as we still don’t know everything about the surface of our planet, to date we have explored less than five percent of the ocean. Much remains to be learned from exploring the mysteries of the deep. Only about 5% of the world’s seafloor has been mapped in some detail. Since the ocean occupies roughly 70% of the Earth’s surface, this leaves approximately 65% of the Earth (excluding dry land) unexplored. Interestingly, it is believed that around 50-80% of all life on our planet can be found under the ocean surface and the oceans contain 99% of the living space on the planet. Curiously less than 10% of that space has been explored by humans. 85% of the area and 90% of the volume constitute the dark, cold environment we call the deep sea.

So what are we waiting for? Isn’t it time to start exploring our planet before we wonder off to Mars, or return to the moon?

Some efforts to explore what’s beneath us have been made in the past. Referred to by many as the ‘Door to Hell’, at 12,262 meters the Kola Superdeep Borehole is the deepest artificial point on our planet.

What experts found when they drilled over 12 kilometers took them completely by surprise. :O

In 1989 drilling experts reached 12,262 meters (40,230 ft), successfully creating the deepest artificial point on our planet.

Interestingly, the Kola Superdeep Borehole descends further than the deepest point of the ocean, which lies at nearly 6.8 miles (11 kilometers). The borehole is only 23 cm in diameter.

While experts only managed to drill 12,263 meters, their main goal was set at 15,000 meters. However, because of higher-than-expected temperatures at this depth and location, 180 °C (356 °F) instead of expected 100 °C (212 °F), drilling deeper was deemed unfeasible and the drilling was stopped in 1992.

In terms of depth, it is the deepest borehole in the world. For two decades it remained as our planet’s longest borehole, in terms of measured depth along the well bore, until it was surpassed in 2008 by the 12,289-metre-long (40,318 ft) Al Shaheen oil well in Qatar, and in 2011 by 12,345-metre-long (40,502 ft) Sakhalin-I Odoptu OP-11 Well, offshore the Russian island Sakhalin.

The Kola Superdeep Borehole is said to have drilled through a third of the way through the Baltic continental crust, which experts believe is around 35 kilometers deep. Furthermore, the drill reached rocks of the Archaean age (greater than 2.5 billion years old) at the bottom.


So what did experts find?

While experts gathered a great amount of data during the project, they made some staggering discoveries. Cracks of the rock many kilometers below the surface were found to be saturated with water.

However, the most important and unexpected discovery was the detection of biological activity in rocks more than two billion years old.

As noted by Atlas Obscura, the clearest evidence of life came in the form of microscopic fossils: the preserved remains of twenty-four species of single-cell marine plants, otherwise known as plankton.

Microscopic fossils of single-celled organisms 7 kilometers beneath the surface.

At approximately the same depth, scientists found traces of water.

Umm… Our planet has Gas 😛 Surprisingly, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and even carbon dioxide (originating from microbes) were discovered all along the borehole.

There isn’t basalt down there—which is one of the greatest surprises.  Scientists believed that at 9,000 meters the granite would give way to basalt. However, to their surprise, it doesn’t.

The temperature was shockingly high. At the bottom of the hole, their instruments measured a staggering 180°C, one of the main reasons why drilling was discontinued.

But perhaps what’s even more impressive is the fact that scientists estimate that the distance to the center of our planet is nearly 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers). Turns out, 6,500 kilometers isn’t anywhere close and what scientists managed to drill trough barely scratches the surface.


Featured image? It’s hard to show the importance and size of the Kola Superdeep Borehole. Seen in the featured image is the Mirny Diamond Mine in Siberia.

Nikola Tesla’s lost papers—antigravity technology

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As explained by Tesla himself, the Earth is “…like a charged metal ball moving through space”, which creates the enormous, rapidly varying electrostatic forces which diminish in intensity with the square of the distance from Earth, just like gravity. Since the direction of propagation radiates from the earth, the so-called force of gravity is toward earth.


Nikola-Tesla - Nikola Tesla’s lost papers—antigravity technology


We all know hat Nikola Tesla was a man far ahead of his time. Tesla envisioned a future on planet Earth where free energy was available for everyone, but his ideas and inventions went far beyond electricity, and energy.

If it wasn’t for Tesla, we’d probably still have no idea about Radio, Television, AC electricity, Tesla coil, Fluorescent lighting, Neon lighting, Radio control devices, Robotics, X-rays, Radar, Microwaves and dozens of other amazing inventions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p94iSiJK-N4

William R. Lyne, a Tesla ‘scholar’ and author of the book “Occult Ether Physics”, states that among the manuscripts found in the scientist’s house were numerous notes on antigravity.

In his book, Lyne says that Tesla spent the last years of his life collecting information on a revolutionary propulsion system that would use the ether’s force to mobilize objects. The writer based his theory on the last lectures given by Tesla, in which he spoke of his latest discoveries, capable of changing all the conceptions related to physics known by man.

Curiously, Telsa’s latest patent, filed in 1928, (#6,555,114) was that for a flying machine that resembled both a helicopter and an airplane. This vehicle used a revolutionary propulsion system that would have changed everything we knew about flight.

Lyne details in his book that during a lecture for the Institute of Immigrant Welfare, Tesla mentioned his Dynamic Theory of Gravity, and that this was: “One of two far-reaching discoveries, which I worked out in all details in the years 1893 and 1894.”

The Dynamic Theory of Gravity–assumed a field of force which accounts for the motions of bodies in space; assumption of this field of force dispenses with the concept of space curvature (ala Einstein); the ether has an indispensable function in the phenomena (of universal gravity, inertia, momentum, and movement of heavenly bodies, as well as all atomic and molecular matter).

Curiously, in an article titled Man’s Greatest Achievement, Tesla spoke out about his  Dynamic Theory of Gravity saying that that the luminiferous ether fills all space. The ether is acted upon by the life-giving creative force and is thrown into “infinitesimal whirls” (“micro helices“) at near the speed of light, becoming ponderable matter. When the force subsides and motion ceases, matter reverts to the ether (a form of “atomic decay”).

Tesla wrote that the luminiferous ether which fills all space is acted upon by the life-giving creative force.  The ether is thrown into “infinitesimal whirls” (“micro helices”) at near the speed of light, becoming ponderable matter, and when the force subsides and motion ceases, matter reverts to the ether (a form of “atomic decay”). Man can harness these processes, to:

-Precipitate matter from the ether
-Create whatever he wants with the matter and energy derived
-Alter the Earth’s size
-Control earth’s seasons (weather control)
-Guide earth’s path through the Universe, like a space ship
-Cause the collisions of planets to produce new suns and stars, heat, and light
-Originate and develop life in infinite forms


via GIPHY


Tesla’s so-called ether was rigidified by rapidly varying electrostatic forces, and was thereby involved in gravitational effects, inertia, and momentum, especially in the space near earth, since, and as explained by Tesla himself, the Earth “…like a charged metal ball moving through space”, which creates the enormous, rapidly varying electrostatic forces which diminish in intensity with the square of the distance from earth, just like gravity. Since the direction of propagation radiates from the earth, the so-called force of gravity is toward earth. Writings of Nicola Tesla, 1894, Chapter XXV – Introduction – The Scope of the Tesla Lectures.

“I have worked out in all details and hope to give to the world very soon. It explains the causes of this force and the motions of heavenly bodies under its influence so satisfactorily that it will put an end to idle speculation and false conceptions, as that of curved space. Only the existence of a Weld of force can account for the motions of the bodies as observed, and its assumption dispenses with space curvature. All literature on this subject is futile and destined to oblivion. So are all attempts to explain the workings of the universe without recognizing the existence of the ether and the indispensable function it plays in the phenomena.”

Tesla is believed to have made a reference in the above to unlimited energy, derived from the environment. The conversion of energy to a stronger force—electropulsion—used to control the much weaker gravity force, would accomplish more work in the same amount of time, and produce “over unity” results.


Further reading material:  Occult Ether Physics: Tesla’s Hidden Space Propulsion System and the Conspiracy to Conceal It (2nd Revised Edition)

Another version of Occult Ether Physics can be found here.

An asteroid wiped out a civilization like ours 13,000 years ago—and it could happen again in 2030

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An asteroid wiped out a civilization like ours 13,000 years ago—and it could happen again in 2030

An extremely advanced ancient civilization—that flourished during the Ice Age—was wiped out from the surface of the planet some 13,000 years ago due to a massive comet strike, and the ancients left us a warning of future events.


Gobekli-Tepe - An asteroid wiped out a civilization like ours 13,000 years ago—and it could happen again in 2030


As best-selling author and researcher Graham Hancock explains it in his book—Magicians of the Gods: The Forgotten Wisdom of Earth’s Lost Civilization: Near the end of the last Ice Age 12,800 years ago, a giant comet that had entered the solar system from deep space thousands of years earlier, broke into multiple fragments. Some of these struck the Earth causing a global cataclysm on a scale unseen since the extinction of the dinosaurs. At least eight of the fragments hit the North American ice cap, while further fragments hit the northern European ice cap.

The impacts, from comet fragments a mile wide approaching at more than 60,000 miles an hour, generated huge amounts of heat which instantly liquidized millions of square kilometers of ice, destabilizing the Earth’s crust and causing the global Deluge that is remembered in myths all around the world.

For years claims made by author Graham Hancock were ignored by scholars, who argues that its impossible that advanced civilization inhabited Earth tens of thousands of years ago.

Mr. Hancock argues that nearly 13,000 years ago, a giant comet that had entered our solar system from deep space broke into multiple fragments as it approached the sun. On his path towards our star, the comet broke into multiple fragments, some of them striking Earth, and eventually giving rise to a global cataclysm on a scale unseen since the extinction of the dinosaurs causing the global Deluge that is remembered in myths all around the world.

Considered by many as a fantasist, and by many others as a deluded author, most of his work was not taken into account by ‘experts’ who refused to take into consideration anything other than what they believed firmly true—a timeline of Earths history shattered into pieces by those same experts who were unable to fully explain the numerous historical enigmas that cast shadow on our origins.

But all of a sudden—when experts from the University of Edinburgh’s School of Engineering released a scientific paper—the words written by Hancock rose from the shadows cast down by mainstream scholars, and into the spotlight where ‘experts’ realized that Hancock’s theories were not as ludicrous as many of them thought before.

According to scientists, intricate stone carvings found at Göbekli Tepe—the oldest temple on Earth—are evidence that a comet impacted Earth around 11,000BC, giving rise to cataclysmic events that wiped out civilization on Earth.

Measurements place the oldest stratum at Göbekli Tepe to around 9600 BC. It is, therefore, 6,500 years older than Stonehenge and 7000 years older than the oldest of the Pyramids.

As Hancock explains it, there is evidence all over the world speaking of such massive impact. This blazing space rock plunged into our planet striking Earth’s crust with the force of several thousand nuclear bombs exploding simultaneously. This cataclysmic event wiped our several larger animal species and nearly destroyed mankind.

However—as Hancock explains it—some did survive, like the Ojibwa tribe of the Canadian grasslands who speak of the Long-Tailed Heavenly Climbing Star which swept out of the sky to scorch the earth.

After the impact, everything changed on our planet.

Interestingly, this is what Edinburgh’s Dr. Martin Sweatman found while looking at some of the stone pillars at Göbekli Tepe, in modern-day Turkey. “One of the pillars at Göbekli Tepe seems to have served as a memorial to this devastating event—probably the worst day in history since the end of the Ice Age.”

The intricate carvings found at Göbekli Tepe depict a headless man, a graphic symbol of human carnage.

The so-called Vulture stone at Göbekli Tepe illustrates interesting symbols that tell an incredible story.

Experts studied animal carvings made on the vulture stone and found that the animals are in fact astronomical symbols. With the help of sophisticated computer software, scientists matched the symbols to patterns in the sky, finding that they related to an event that occurred around 10,950 BC. As scientists explain, the symbols carved on the stone pillars relate to a cosmic event which is believed to have been the break-up of a massive comet from the inner solar system, precisely during the period known as the Younger Dryas. This period is considered as a crucial stage for humanity since it coincides with the appearance of agriculture and the first Neolithic civilizations.

But how on Earth is it possible that the builders of Göbekli Tepe—over ten thousand years ago—carved intricate astronomical symbols onto stone pillars? According to experts, at that time humans were ‘savages’, hunter-gatherers no more advanced than cavemen, without any knowledge of engineering or mathematics. Clearly, there’s something OFF with history.

Hancock notes that the stone slabs at Göbekli Tepe not only describe an ancient cosmic collision but predict another one that is yet to come. Hancock argues that the ancient impact—recorded on the Vulture stone at Göbekli Tepe—were in fact massive debris of the Taurid meteor stream, a belt containing millions of space rocks.

Astronomers believe that the inside of that belt lies a massive planetoid, a superheated rock—something like a massive cosmic hand grenade. Many of the debris hidden inside the belt could be up to three or four times the size of the one that impacted Earth 65 million years ago driving the dinosaurs to extinction. Hancock notes that we are due to cross the Taurid meteor stream in 13 years, around 2030.

2,000-year-old underground city discovered by scientists—what it contains is terrifying

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A ‘lost’ 2.000-year-old underground city has been unearthed by experts in Iran, what they found inside was completely unexpected and terrifying.


Undergound-city-Iran - 2,000-year-old underground city discovered by scientists—what it contains is terrifying
Image Credit:: IRNA / ABDOLLAH HEIDARI

Located in the area near the city of Samen, archaeologists excavated the remains of around 50 large underground rooms that served as houses some 2,000 years ago.

The discovery of the underground city in is incontrovertible evidence that archeology is a science that requires extreme patience in order to obtain valuable rewards.

After 12 years of excavations, researchers have finally announced the existence of countless artifacts, skeletons and more than 50 rooms of different sizes connected by tunnels, intricately built some 2,000 years ago—dating back to the period of the fall of the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC) and the rise of the Parthian Empire (247 BC-224 AD).


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The intricately carved underground city contains around 50 rooms connected with tunnels. Image Credit:: IRNA / ABDOLLAH HEIDARI

The Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Persian, Hellenistic, and regional cultures.

However, the most terrifying part is that experts have found around 60 skeletons within the complex. Scientists are still unsure as to what happened to the underground city and why it was abandoned.

Its residents worshiped Mithra, the ancient Iranian god of the Sun.


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Experts believe there are more hidden chambers. Image Credit:: IRNA / ABDOLLAH HEIDARI

This discovery marks one of the several exciting findings by Iranian archeologists in recent months. Recently, experts also discovered a set of underground living chambers carved into a mountain in central Iran, dating back to the 12th century. Furthermore, in February of 2017, experts excavated the remains of an ancient observatory which is believed to date back to the Sassanian dynasty (224 to 651CE.)


Undergound-city-Iran- - 2,000-year-old underground city discovered by scientists—what it contains is terrifying
Archaeologists have found 60 skeletons. Image Credit:: IRNA / ABDOLLAH HEIDARI

According to experts, it seems that Samen was used for various purposes during different eras. In its first phase, when the intricately carved underground complex was founded, it officiated as a place of religious ceremonies. Later, during the Ashkani period, the city served as a cemetery and as an emergency shelter.

So far, archaeologists have unearthed 50 rooms of various sizes connected by tunnels. These rooms and chambers were built at a depth of between 3 and 6 meters and supposedly belonged to different families.


Undergound-city-Iran- - 2,000-year-old underground city discovered by scientists—what it contains is terrifying
The underground city is believed to date back at least 2,000 years. Image Credit:: IRNA / ABDOLLAH HEIDARI

The excavations will continue with the hope of discovering more rooms and learning more about this ancient city that is already shaping up as a World Heritage Site in Iran.

So far experts have discovered several underground cities across the planet. The most notorious are those found in modern-day Turkey—like Derinkuyu.

In 1963 what was supposed to be just another a simple home renovation in the town of Derinkuyu actually led to one of the most important discoveries in the history of Turkey. When a cave wall was opened, it revealed a passageway to an underground city that is thousands of years old, over 280 feet deep. Over 15,000 ventilation shafts spread throughout the city bringing air from the surface, providing ideal living conditions for up to 30,000 people.

Evidence of advanced ancient civilizations on Earth—over 100,000 years ago?

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The idea that advanced ancient civilizations existed on Earth in the distant past has captured the interest of authors, historians, and archaeologists across the globe. Every once in a while, experts make discoveries that completely change everything we know about history. What if, in the distant past—as far as 100,000 years ago—Earth was inhabited by civilizations that were completely different from what we are today?


Intelligent-Civilizations-Living-On-Earth-Over--Years-Ago - Evidence of advanced ancient civilizations on Earth—over 100,000 years ago?
What if history is completely wrong?

Do you believe that Intelligent civilizations lived on Earth over 100,000 years ago? Many controversial discoveries point to the possibility that hundreds of thousands of years ago, advanced civilizations roamed our planet. What do we really know about history and the past of the human race? Has mankind been on planet Earth only a couple of thousands of years as mainstream researchers suggest?

Or is it possible that advanced ancient civilizations inhabited our planet hundreds of thousands of years ago? Recently, several discoveries seem to point to that possibility.

Why mainstream researchers opted to ‘ignore’ details and clues which point towards the existence of civilizations that are much older than we previously believed is still an enigma for a lot of people. Evidence of civilizations that inhabited our planet ‘before recorded history’ can be found in all corners of the world. In Ancient Egypt, Mesoamerica and Sumeria we find written texts that speak of great civilizations, great rulers, and a ‘golden age’ that lasted for thousands of years.

Evidence of civilizations that inhabited our planet ‘before recorded history’ can be found in all corners of the world. In Ancient Egypt, Mesoamerica and Sumeria we find written texts that speak of great civilizations, great rulers, and a ‘golden age’ that lasted for thousands of years.

Let’s take a trip to Africa, there, we will find evidence of a major ancient settlement that predates our entire history.

Intelligent civilizations inhabited Africa over 100,000 years ago

Screen-Shot----at-.. - Evidence of advanced ancient civilizations on Earth—over 100,000 years ago?


Around 150 km west of port Maputo, we find the remains of a huge metropolis that measures, according to initial studies, around 1500 square kilometers. This ancient city is according to researchers, part of an even larger community with about 10,000 square kilometers, believed to have been constructed between 160,000 to 200,000 years before Christ.

The surrounding geology is interesting due to numerous gold mines located in the vicinity. Researchers have proposed that a missing civilization from the distant past, could have lived and proposed in that part of the world while mining gold.

Researchers point to the Ancient Anunnaki.


- - Evidence of advanced ancient civilizations on Earth—over 100,000 years ago?

Lost civilizations in the Amazon?

Is this another civilization that predates the Inca and their ancestors? No one could have imagined that somewhere, in the remote areas of the Amazon, a lost civilization would be found.

Rapid deforestation in combination with Google Earth has allowed the detection of 210 geoglyphs in 200 different site sites, in a strip of 250 kilometers by 10 kilometers in the Amazon. Just like the Nazca lines, the incredible geometric, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic designs of the Amazon can only be truly appreciated from the air. The question remains, why?

The question remains, why?

Numerous remains of what is obviously part of an ancient and hitherto unknown civilization have appeared under the trees of the Amazonian rainforest. According to researchers, 260 huge avenues, long irrigation canals, and fences for livestock have been spotted from the air. The discovery was made in the vicinity of the border between Bolivia and Brazil.

The lost pyramids of the Amazon: Traces of a prehistoric civilization!

Image - Evidence of advanced ancient civilizations on Earth—over 100,000 years ago?


In the tangled and dense jungles of the Amazon, there are numerous mysteries that could probably help us understand how ancient civilizations lived in the distant past.

Even thought that several researchers believe that the Pyramids of Paratoari are truncated ridge spurs, which can take the form of natural pyramids, there are many other researchers who firmly believe that these structures were built in the distant past by a civilization that completely been ignored by mainstream history

Excursions to the region found plenty of evidence of Incan inhabitance in the area, such as petroglyphs, paved roads, and platforms.

The mysterious pyramidal structures were first identified via NASA satellite photograph number C-S11-32W071-03, released in 1976. The images caused numerous researchers to venture to the Manu area of dense tropical rain forest in southeast Peru in hopes to find out whether these structures were actually built by an ancient civilization, lost in time.


The Sphinx, an 800,000-year-old monument?

One of the most mysterious and enigmatic monuments on the surface of the planet is without a doubt the Great Sphinx at the Giza plateau in Egypt. It is an ancient construction that has baffled researchers ever since its discovery and until today, no one has been able to accurately date the Sphinx, since there are no written records or mentions in the past about it. Now, two Ukrainian researchers have proposed a new provocative theory where the two scientists propose that the Great Sphinx of Egypt is around 800,000 years old. A Revolutionary theory that is backed up by science.

The study was presented at the International Conference of Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy held in Sofia titled: GEOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE PROBLEM OF DATING THE GREAT EGYPTIAN SPHINX CONSTRUCTION.

The authors of this paper are scientists Manichev Vjacheslav I. (Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) and Alexander G. Parkhomenko (Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine).

The starting point of these two experts is the paradigm shift initiated by West and Schoch, a ‘debate’ intended to overcome the orthodox view of Egyptology referring to the possible remote origins of the Egyptian civilization and, on the other, physical evidence of water erosion present at the monuments of the Giza Plateau.


The truth is that we have very little knowledge when it comes to the origins of live and modern civilization.

In a recently published study, experts concluded that DIFFERENT ‘Complex’ life forms may have once existed on Earth before our species came into existence.

“This research shows that there was enough oxygen in the environment to have allowed complex cells to have evolved…”

According to scientists, we are not the FIRST complex life forms on planet Earth. In fact, another complex life form existed once but disappeared at some point during Earth’s long history. Then, after a while, complex life forms reappeared.

Mainstream scholars agree that given our ‘current’ knowledge of Earth’s history, complex life appeared on our planet at least some 1.75 BILLION years ago.

So, if complex life could have existed on Earth in the distant past, why is it so improbable and unlikely that advanced civilizations flourished on Earth?

Curiously, according to Jason Wright, assistant professor of astrophysics and astronomy of the Pennsylvania State University ‘technological’ alien civilizations may have once lived on one of the planets in our solar system, and eventually disappeared without a trace.

In a study titled ‘Prior Indigenous Technological Species’, Professor Wright proposes that ancient aliens may have even lived on either Mars, Venus or Earth.

The scientific paper—which has been published in arXiv—states: A prior indigenous technological species might have arisen on ancient Earth or another body, such as a pre-greenhouse Venus or a wet Mars.

However, if these advanced alien civilizations existed in our solar system—perhaps even Earth—most evidence of their existence is probably gone by now.

25 shocking facts about the Great Sphinx of Giza that are missing from history books

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The great Sphinx of Giza is considered an ancient marvel not only because of its size and confusing design but because of the countless mysteries that surround this ancient structure. Did you know that the Ancient Egyptians have no records about the Sphinx being built? Curiously, this ancient monument was discovered–almost entirely buried in Sand—in 1817, when the first modern archaeological dig, led by Giovanni Battista Caviglia managed to uncover the Sphinx’s chest completely. This ancient monument has captured the imagination of not only archaeologists but scientists and tourists who have visited this ancient statue since time immemorial.


Let’s take a look at some of the most interesting facts about the Sphinx, you most likely didn’t know.


The-Great-Sphinx-at-Giza - 25 shocking facts about the Great Sphinx of Giza that are missing from history books


The Great Sphinx of Giza faces the rising Sun.

Whoever built the Great Sphinx, wanted it to be aligned. The Sphinx is oriented due east facing the rising sun near the 30th parallel.

According to some texts, ancient Egyptians referred to the Sphinx as balhib and bilhaw. Circa 1500 B.C.E. it was referred to as Hor-em-akht – Horus in the Horizon, Bw-How Place of Horus and also as Ra-horakhty Ra of Two Horizons.

The Arabs knew the Sphinx as Abu al-Hawl (Father of Terror), which apparently is identified with the ancient Greek myth.

The Great Sphinx of Egypt is considered the largest single-stone statue in the world and around 200 tons of stone were quarried in the construction phase to build the temple next to it.

The Great Sphinx originally had a beard, several pieces of the beard of the Sphinx are located in the British Museum in London and the Cairo Museum.

Author Robert K. G. Temple proposes that the Sphinx was originally a statue of the Jackal-Dog Anubis, the God of the Necropolis, and that its face was recarved in the likeness of a Middle Kingdom pharaoh, Amenemhet II.

First-century writer Pliny the Elder mentioned the Great Sphinx in his Natural History, commenting that the Egyptians looked upon the statue as a “divinity” that has been passed over in silence and “that King Harmais was buried in it.

Geologists and scholars agree that in the distant past Egypt was subjected to severe flooding, thus water erosion is present on the construction of the Sphinx. Wind erosion cannot take place when the body of the Sphinx is covered by sand.

Edgar Cayce, a modern prophet—also known as the modern-day Nostradamus—prophesied in 1932 that the Sphinx was built in 10500 BCE by the Ancient Atlantean civilization. Furthermore, he stated that a secret room is located underneath it called the ‘Hall of Records’ containing the secrets and wisdom of the ancient Atlantean civilization and the human race.

The Hall of Records is said to house the knowledge of the Ancient Egyptians documented in ancient papyrus scrolls and is believed to account for the history of the lost continent of Atlantis, as well as its location. Compared in importance, the Egyptian Hall of Records is just as the Great Library of Alexandria, which housed Grecian Knowledge.

Charles Thompson, who explored the Sphinx in 1733, mentioned entrances and a “hole in the top of the back” of the Sphinx.

There are three passages into or under the Sphinx, the “Tomb of Osiris” is one of the most incredible discoveries linked to the Sphinx, located 95 feet below the surface behind the back of the Sphinx. It is believed to be the resting place of Egyptian God Osiris.

Interestingly, in 1987 a Japanese team from Waseda University (Tokyo), under the direction of Sakuji Yoshimura carried out an electromagnetic sounding survey of the Khufu Pyramid and Sphinx. Experts discovered: A. South of the Sphinx. The Japanese indicated the existence of a hollow 2.5 m. to 3 m. underground. And, they found indications of a groove on the Sphinx body that extends beneath the Sphinx. B. North of the Sphinx. The Japanese found another groove similar to the southern one which may indicate that maybe there is a tunnel underneath the Sphinx connecting the south and north grooves. C. In front of the two paws of the Sphinx. The Japanese found another hollow space about 1 m. to 2 m. below surface. Again, they believe that it might extend underneath the Sphinx.

According to secrethistoy.wikia.com, there is also documented evidence of a large rectangular entrance on top of the hips at the back of the sphinx.

In 1995, workers renovating a nearby parking lot uncovered a series of tunnels and pathways, two of which plunge further underground close to the Sphinx.

In 1857, Auguste Mariette, founder of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, unearthed the much later Inventory Stela (estimated Dynasty XXVI, c. 678–525 BC), which tells how Khufu came upon the Sphinx, already buried in sand.

The inventory stela—made of polished granite and decorated with a commemorative inscription and a so-called apparition window—was found in Giza during the 19th century. The stela presents a list of 22 divine statues owned by a Temple of Isis, and goes on to claim that the temple existed since before the time of Khufu (c. 2580 BC). The stela was discovered in 1858 at Giza by the French archaeologist Auguste Mariette, during excavations of the Isis temple. The tablet was located very close to the Great Sphinx of Giza.

This ancient stela points to the possibility that the Great Sphinx of Giza was built before the reign of Khufu and not by him. The Stela reads:

Long live The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Khufu, given life
He found the house of Isis, Mistress of the Pyramid, by the side of the hollow of Hwran (The Sphinx)
and he built his pyramid beside the temple of this goddess and he built a pyramid for the King’s daughter Henutsen beside this temple.
The place of Hwran Horemakhet is on the South side of the House of Isis, Mistress of the pyramid
He restored the statue, all covered in painting, of the guardian of the atmosphere, who guides the winds with his gaze.
He replaced the back part of the Nemes head-dress, which was missing with gilded stone.
The figure of this god, cut in stone, is solid and will last to eternity, keeping its face looking always to the East

According to a study presented at the International Conference of Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy held in Sofia titled: GEOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE PROBLEM OF DATING THE GREAT EGYPTIAN SPHINX CONSTRUCTION, there is conclusive evidence to suggest that the Great Sphinx of Giza dates back 800,000 years.

However, there are Geological findings that indicate that the Sphinx may have been sculpted sometime before 10,000 BC, a period that coincides with the Age of Leo, or the Lion, which lasted from 10,970 to 8810 BC.

According to Graham Hancock, computer simulations show that in 10,500 BC the constellation of Leo housed the sun on the spring equinox – i.e. an hour before dawn in that epoch Leo would have reclined due east along the horizon in the place where the sun would soon rise. This means that the lion-bodied Sphinx, with its due-east orientation, would have gazed directly on that morning at the one constellation in the sky that might reasonably be regarded as its own celestial counterpart.

Interestingly, Gaston Maspero, a French Egyptologist known for popularizing the term “Sea Peoples” in an 1881 paper, wrote in the book the Dawn of Civilization “… the Sphinx could have existed since the days of the followers of Horus,” a race of predynastic and semi-divine beings, which, according to beliefs of the ancient Egyptians had ruled thousands of years before the Pharaohs of Egypt.” (source)

No. Evidence. Whatsoever. The Ancient Egyptians were splendid record keepers. In fact, they made it sure to write down nearly everything so future generations could appreciate their accomplishments. Strangely, there are no written texts that speak about the Sphinx. It is as if the Great Sphinx wasn’t built by the Ancient Egyptians.

Residues of red pigment are visible on areas of the Sphinx’s face. Traces of yellow and blue pigment have been found elsewhere on the Sphinx, leading Mark Lehner to suggest that the monument “was once decked out in gaudy comic book colors”

Ancient engineering wonders: 4 of the most mysterious ancient temples ever built

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Built thousands of years ago, these temples defy everything we know about the capabilities of ancient cultures. From laser-like precision to the transportation and placement of huge granite block—some of them weigh over 80 tons—these temples prove that ancient civilizations were far more advanced than we are crediting them for.

BrihadisvaraTemple - Ancient engineering wonders: 4 of the most mysterious ancient temples ever built
The Brihadeeswarar Temple. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons

There are countless ancient temples scattered across the globe. Most of them remain an enigma or historians and archaeologists who are left awestruck by the beauty and complexity of these ancient structures.

Most of these temples were built without the use of modern tools, yet show a precision that today is attributed to lasers, power tools, and heavy machinery.

How did ancient man transport blocks of stone weighing over 50 tons? How did they achieve laser-like precision on walls, limestone and andesite blocks? How was it possible for ancient man to carve entire temples and caves out of a mountain when they did not possess the technology we do today?

In this article, we take a look at four stunning ancient temples that will make your Jaw drop!

The Konark Sun Temple

panel-at-the-konark-sun-temple - Ancient engineering wonders: 4 of the most mysterious ancient temples ever built
A panel at the Konark Sun Temple. Image credit: Surya Inn

Located at Konark in Orissa, India, the Konark Sun temple is believed to have been constructed by king Narasimhadeva I of Eastern Ganga Dynasty in 1255 CE.

Shaped as one MASSIVE chariot, it features some elaborately carved characteristics like carved stone wheels, pillars, and walls. A major part of the structure is now in ruins. Dedicated to the Sun God Surya, the name of the temple ‘Karnak’ derives from the combination of the Sanskrit words, Kona (corner or angle) and Ark (the sun). The temple features 24 intricately carved wheels which are adorned by 7 horses which are depicted as if they were pulling the temple.

“The wheels of the Karnak temple are more than wheels. They are actually sundials and time can be calculated precisely by the shadows cast by the spokes”.

Originally, the temple was erected at the mouth of the Chandrabhaga River, but since then the water line has receded.

Major parts of the structure collapsed during the 17th century C.E., and it is believed that the collapsed structure contained a 52-ton magnet at the top. Experts believe that the magnet—which collapsed—cauised the mains statue of the temple to levitate in mid-air.

Padmanabhaswamy Temple

padmanabhaswamy-temple- - Ancient engineering wonders: 4 of the most mysterious ancient temples ever built
The Padmanabhaswamy Temple. Photo credit: Roberto Faccenda/Flickr

Located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, this ancient temple features a mixture of the indigenous Kerala style and the Dravidian style (kovil).

It is noteworthy to mention that this is the RICHEST Hindu temple in the world, with an estimated $22 billion worth of gold and jewels stored in underground vaults

According to reports, only 5 of the 8 underground vaults had been opened and explored.

Referred to as Vault B, it is the most mysterious chamber in the temple and remains unexplored. A massive iron door guards the entrance to the chamber. Depicted on the door are two gigantic cobras which stand as a warning to those trying to enter it.

Legends say that the massive iron door can only be opened by those who know a mystic chant. It is believed that if the door is opened in any other way, it would bring great misfortune upon the world.

The temple is one of the 108 principal Divya Desams (“Holy Abodes”) in Vaishnavism, and is glorified in the Divya Prabandha.

Curiously, there isn’t a single historic record that mentions the EXACT date when the temple was founded.

Brihadeeswarar Temple

fab - Ancient engineering wonders: 4 of the most mysterious ancient temples ever built
The Brihadeeswarar Temple. Image by: Imagenesis Photographers

Located in Thanjavur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the Brihadeeswarar Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva.

It is one of the largest temples in India and is an example of Dravidian architecture during the Chola period. According to reports, the temple was built by Raja Raja Chola I and was completed in 1010 CE, the temple turned 1000 years old.

It features a massive 40-meter-high Vimana—one of the largest in the world. Interestingly, the entire temple complex was built out of granite, and the nearest source is located some 60 kilometers from the temple. It is believed that around 130,000 tons of granite were used in its construction.

One of the largest pieces is the Kumbam, a round structure on the top of the temple made out of granite and has a weight of around 80 tons.

Now think for a minute, how did the ancients manage to transport these massive blocks, and place the 80-ton statue on top of the temple over 1,000 years ago?

Kailasa Temple

Kailasa- - Ancient engineering wonders: 4 of the most mysterious ancient temples ever built
The Kailasa Temple. Image by: Marc Shandro

Also located in India, the Kailasanatha temple or Kailasa, is located in Ellora, Maharashtra, India. It is one of the LARGEST rock-cut temples in the world. This megalith was carved out of one single rock and is considered by many scholars as one of the most remarkable cave temples in India. The Kailasanatha temple (Cave 16) is one of the 34 cave temples and monasteries known collectively as the Ellora Caves.  Its construction is generally attributed to the 8th-century Rashtrakuta king Krishna I in 756-773 CE.

The Kailasa temple is the 16th from a total of 34 caves which were literally excavated out of the surrounding rock. Mainstream scholars indicate that the ancient caves were built sometime around the fifth and tenth centuries AD, but many others disagree suggesting the caves are much older.

Many researchers believe that the builders of the Kailasa temple used a vertical excavation method in order to achieve what they did. They started at the top of the original boulders and worked their way downward carving out one of the most fascinating ancient temple complexes on the planet. But how did they do it? What did the ancient builders of the Ellora caves use to excavate and build? Mainstream scholars indicate that the caves were built with the use of hammers, chisels, and picks, thousands of years ago.

Ancient ‘city ruins’ discovered on the surface of Mars?

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YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/e84hf1hMYBo?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1


Ruins-on-Mars - Ancient ‘city ruins’ discovered on the surface of Mars?


Evidence of what appear to be artificially created structures on the surface of Mars have been found in countless images from the red planet. In addition to the many odd findings on Mars, the most fascinating statement about the red planet come from General Stubblebine said: “There are structures on the surface of Mars. I will tell you for the record that there are structures underneath the surface of Mars that cannot be seen by the Voyager cameras that went by in 1976…”


Mars has given us so much to think about in the last couple of years that its hard to put it all together.

From a barren, and desolate planet, Mars has proven us that it’s more interesting than we’d ever thought before.

Mars is approximately half the diameter of Earth with a surface area only slightly less than the total area of Earth’s dry land. Mars is less dense than Earth, having about 15% of Earth’s volume and 11% of Earth’s mass, resulting in about 38% of Earth’s surface gravity.

But Mars is extremely similar to Earth in many ways. Experts have proven that the red planet was once strikingly similar to Earth, having an atmosphere, lakes, rivers, and oceans covering its surface.

Not long ago, NASA revealed that Mars could have supported life as we know it but everything change when the red planet lost its atmosphere.

According to scientists, the slow destruction of our neighbor’s planet atmosphere was caused by “huge rope-like tendrils of magnetic rotations. The red planet’s once hospitable atmosphere was blown away in the distant past. This means that when Mars was much younger, it was much warmer and wetter, meaning that it was a very good candidate for life to develop. Scientists believe that Mars’ oceans evaporated due to the planet’s thinning atmosphere which caused it to leak into space.

Although Mars has no evidence of a structured global magnetic field, observations show that parts of the planet’s crust have been magnetized, suggesting that alternating polarity reversals of its dipole field have occurred in the past.

However, there are more things on Mars that have caused confusion among experts. NASA’s rovers exploring Mars have noticed spikes in methane readings on the surface of the red planet. On Earth, 90% of all methane in the atmosphere is produced by living organisms. Curiosity captured traces of methane on the Red Planet and scientists believe this could point to the presence of life on the red planet, at this precise moment, although there are other possible explanations.

But while Mars may not have life now on its surface, many scientists argue that in the distant past, the red planet may have supported life—and not only primitive life—but advanced complex life forms that may even have built structures on its surface.

One such scientist is Dr. John Brandeburg, a plasma physicist who got his degree from UC Davis and who has seemingly had a distinguished career as a scientist argues that Martian life was purposefully destroyed with nukes.


Structures-on-Mars - Ancient ‘city ruins’ discovered on the surface of Mars?


“Mars xenon is found to match closely the component in the Earth’s atmosphere produced by Earth’s nuclear weapons programs, both hydrogen bomb testing and plutonium production, both of which involve large amounts of fission with fast neutrons. It is found that Mars xenon can be approximately by a mixture of 70% Nuclear Testing xenon, mixed with 30% natural Earth xenon, suggesting that Mars xenon was similar to Earth’s before a large nuclear event altered it dramatically.”

In a scientific paper, Dr. Brandenburg argues: that Mars shows, “…based on new data, evidence that during this period of Earthlike climate, biological evolution produced, at length, a humanoid civilization leaving ruins at several sites, Cydonia Mensa and Galaxias Chaos being two sites most intensively investigated. Data from these sites formed the basis for the Cydonian Hypothesis (Brandenburg, DiPietro, and Molenaar, 1991) of an ancient, indigenous, approximately Bronze Age civilization on Mars.”


And curiously, each day new images from Mars prove that there’s something odd on its surface. In the last couple of years, countless images from Mars have been analyzed by alien hunters across the globe. Some of them—awkwardly—show what appear to be artificially made structures on the surface of the red planet.

All jokes aside, some of the stuff found on Mars makes you think “what if somehow, life on Mars developed millions of years ago, and was eventually wiped out?”

Would we not find traces of such life today?

Images beamed back by NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show an area on the surface of Mars covered with odd ‘structures’.

NASAs MRO captured numerous images of strange shaped ‘craters’ on the surface of the red planet. The images show a surface covered in ‘secondary craters’ – but astronomers are mystified by how they developed their raised appearance.

In a statement, NASA scientists said: “Secondary craters form from rocks ejected at high speed from the primary crater, which then impact the ground at sufficiently high speed to make huge numbers of much smaller craters over a large region. In this scene, however, the secondary crater ejecta has an unusual raised-relief appearance like bas-relief sculpture.”


PIA-x - Ancient ‘city ruins’ discovered on the surface of Mars?


NASA has admitted it does not have a conclusive answer to this enigma.

“One idea is that the region was covered with a layer of fine-grained materials like dust or pyroclastics about 1 to 2 meters thick when the Zunil impact occurred (about a million years ago), and the ejecta served to harden or otherwise protect the fine-grained layer from later erosion by the wind,” wrote NASA.

In addition to the above image from Mars, other areas on the surface of the red planet show equally puzzling ‘structures’.

UFO and anomaly hunters see these structures as conclusive evidence that an ancient civilization may have existed on the surface of Mars in the distant past.

Located near Elysium Planitia near the red planet’s equator are a series of structures that have sparked an online debate about ancient life on Mars. The ‘controversial’ images were also taken by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter –MRO.

If we search for further information about Mars, and the possibility that I was inhabited at some point in the distant past, we come across one of the most fascinating statements about the red planet made when General Stubblebine said: “There are structures on the surface of Mars. I will tell you for the record that there are structures underneath the surface of Mars that cannot be seen by the Voyager cameras that went by in 1976. I will also tell you that there are machines on the surface of Mars, and there are machines under the surface of Mars that you, can look at, you can find out in detail, you can see what they are, where they are, who they are and a lot of detail about them.”  (Dolan, Richard. UFOs And The National Security State: New York: Richard Dolan Press)(source 2)

30 facts you didn’t know about Puma Punku

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This temple complex located near Tiwanaku, Bolivia is one of the most incredible ancient ruins you will find in South America. At a distance of around 45 miles west of La Paz Bolivia we find one of the most magnificent ancient sites on the surface of our planet.

The sheer number of megalithic stones found at Puma Punku are amongst the largest found on the planet. Puma Punku shatters all traditional views on ancient cultures. The incredibly precise stones, precision cuts, and polished surfaces have defied explanation for centuries. The andesite stones used in the construction process of this megalithic site were cut with such precision that they fit together perfectly, and are interlocked with each other without the use of mortar.

This ancient site continues to defy the countless theories put forth by mainstream scholars, historians, and scientists. This ancient site—together with other sites like Teotihuacan in modern day Mexico, the Giza plateau in Egypt, Ollantaytambo, and Sacsayhuaman, among others—is what I like to call an ancient Wikipedia site since it offers us countless details about our ancestors, their lives, ability, knowledge, and skills.

In this article, we bring you 30 mind-bending facts about Puma Punku that you probably have never read about before.


Puma-Punku- - 30 facts you didn’t know about Puma Punku
Image Credit °° OJOS DE AGUA °°

This fascinating ancient ‘alien’ complex is located just 45 miles west of La Paz, high in the Andean mountains.

Puma Punku is located at an altitude of 12,800 feet—this makes it even harder to explain how the ancient quarried, transported and put into position the massive rocks as Puma Punku is located ABOVE the natural tree line, which in turn means NO trees grew in that area which means that no trees were cut down in order to use wooden rollers.

Furthermore, there is no evidence of the wheel in Tiwanakan culture.

Puma Punku is believed to date to around 536AD. However, many authors argue that the site is much older and could predate the Inca themselves.

Puma Punku was never complete. Experts argue that the site was abandoned before it was completely finished.

It is important to note Inca themselves denied building the Tiahuanaco complex which means that the Tiahuanaco culture existed INDEPENDENTLY of the Inca, predating them as well.

The ancient site of Puma Punku is part of an even larger complex that once belonged to the ancient Tiahuanaco culture, which predates the ancient Inca by millennia.

The sheer number of megalithic stones found at Puma Punku are amongst the largest found on the planet. The incredibly precise stones, precision cuts, and polished surfaces have defied explanation for centuries.

According to oral legends, the first inhabitants of Puma Punku were unlike ordinary humans and supernatural powers which allowed them to ‘carry’ megalithic stones through the air with the use of SOUND.

Among the largest stone blocks found at Puma Punku we can find one with the following characteristics: 7.81 meters long, 5.17 meters wide, averages 1.07 meters thick, and is estimated to weigh about 131 metric tons.

The second largest stone block found within the Puma Punku is 7.90 meters long, 2.50 meters wide, and averages 1.86 meters thick. Its weight has been estimated to be 85.21 metric tons.

The most famous features of Puma Punku are its so-called H-Blocks.

The H blocks at Puma Punku have approximately 80 faces each. The H blocks match each other with such an extreme precision that the architects most likely used a system of preferred measurements and proportions.

Archaeologists argue that the transport of these stones was accomplished by the large labor force of ancient Tiwanaku.

Several theories have been proposed as to how this labor force transported the stones, although these theories remain speculative. Two of the more common proposals involve the use of llama skin ropes and the use of ramps and inclined planes.

In addition to somehow transporting massive blocks of stone across great distances, the ancient engineers that built Puma Punku and Tiahuanaco  were also adept at developing a civic infrastructure at this complex, constructing functional irrigation systems, hydraulic mechanisms, and waterproof sewage lines.

Furthermore, the blocks present at Puma Punku were so precisely cut as to suggest the possibility of prefabrication and mass production, technologies far in advance of the Tiwanaku’s Inca successors hundreds of years later.

Researchers believe that these two blocks of stone were quarried near Lake Titicaca approx. 10 km from Puma Punku.

Other stone blocks found at Puma Punku have been quarried near the Copacabana Peninsula about 90 km away from and across Lake Titicaca. So perhaps this is one of the biggest mysteries at Puma Punku.

Each stone at Puma Punku was finely cut to interlock with the surrounding stones and the blocks fit together like a puzzle, forming load-bearing joints without the use of mortar. The precision challenges today’s engineering abilities.

A common engineering technique is to cut the top of the lower stone at a certain angle and placing another stone on top of it which was cut at the same angle. What baffles scientists, engineers and archaeologists is the precision with which this was achieved. The precision with which these angles have been utilized to create flush joints is indicative of a highly sophisticated knowledge of stone-cutting and a thorough understanding of descriptive geometry.

Some of the joins we find at Puma Punku are so well placed, and so precisely locked into place that you wouldn’t be able to fit a paper in between them. The level of masonry we find at Puma Punku is just amazing.

In Aymara—an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes—Puma Punku’s name means “The Door of the Puma”.

At Puma Punku you will find incredible stones with perfect right angles, almost smooth as glass, this makes Puma Punku unique. Only few places on earth display this type of stone work.

Tiahuanaco is located near Puma Punku, in fact, it’s less than a quarter mile northeast of Puma Punku. Scientists believe Tiahuanaco was once the center of a civilization with more than 40,000 inhabitants. Puma Punku and Tiahuanaco are part of a large temple complex or monument group.

At its peak, Pumapunku is thought to have been “unimaginably wondrous,” adorned with polished metal plaques, brightly colored ceramic and fabric ornamentation, and visited by costumed citizens, elaborately dressed priests, and elites decked in exotic jewelry.

The Puma Punku complex, as well as its surrounding temples, the Akapana pyramid, Kalasasaya, Putuni, and Kerikala, functioned as spiritual and ritual centers for the Tiwanaku.

Tiahuanaco is probably the greatest Native American civilization that many people haven’t heard of.

The Tiwanaku civilization—which Puma Punku belonged to—appears to some to have peaked from 700 AD to 1000 AD, by which point the temples and surrounding area may have been home to some 400,000 people.

Curiously, as many other advanced civilizations across the Americas, this culture seems to have dissolved rather abruptly sometime around 1000 AD, and researchers are still seeking answers as to why.


Reference:

The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 146-167

Young-Sánchez, Margaret (2004). Tiwanaku: Ancestors of the Inca. Denver, CO: Denver Art Museum.

Vranich, A., 1999, Interpreting the Meaning of Ritual Spaces: The Temple Complex of Pumapunku, Tiwanaku, Bolivia.

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