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Countless maps suggest that before written history, ancient explorers had an extremely well-developed cartography system comparable in precision to the one we have today proving that ancient mankind knew the exact shape and size of the Earth, contrary to popular beliefs, and used spherical trigonometry, precise and elaborate mathematical calculations, as if thousands of years ago an unknown civilization undertook a global-scale project of mapping the entire planet like no one has ever done before.

Have you ever considered the possibility that thousands of years ago, before the rise of some of the greatest ancient civilizations on Earth; the Aztecs, Maya, Olmec, Inca, Egyptian, Chinese, Sumerian etc., a much older, and far more advanced civilization existed on our planet?

Earth’s history is shrouded in mystery. The giant puzzle we call origin of life is filled with gaps mainstream scholar have been unable to fill. Adding fuel to the mystery of our history are countless discoveries that have been made around the globe.

In addition to curious monuments, megalithic sites, and ‘out of place artifacts’, experts have come across dozens of maps that suggest an extremely advanced civilization—capable of great feats—existed before the rise of some of the greatest ancient civilizations on Earth.

Some refer to this civilization—however, I’m more inclined to think that many civilizations could have existed—as the antediluvian predecessor of the most important ancient cultures on Earth.

How can you explain—from a logical point of view— prehistoric, ancient maps, depicting regions of our planet like Antarctica without ice?

By doing some simple research you’ll come across not one, but countless maps that depict the same thing: The continent of Antarctica presumably without ICE.

But… how is this even possible? We’ve only ‘found’ Antarctica recently. So how can there be maps of the continent depicting it free of ice?

According to experts, Antarctica separated around 160 million years ago from the Gondwana supercontinent, beginning to cool down again. By 23 million years ago, Antarctica was mostly icy and for the last 15 million years, it has been a frozen desert under a thick ice sheet.

Today, scientists estimate that 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world’s ice (and thereby about 70% of the world’s fresh water).

An ancient global-scale ‘mapping project’

Piri ReisThe fact that there are maps that depict Antarctica free of Ice, and other parts of the world that were not discovered until recently gives rise to MANY theories—some of them somewhat controversial.

Interestingly, many authors—including myself—will venture out and say that these maps may very well prove that in the distant past, ancient explorers had an extremely well-developed cartography system comparable in precision to the one we have today.

These maps could also ‘prove’ that ancient mankind knew the exact shape and size of the Earth, contrary to popular beliefs, and used spherical trigonometry, precise and elaborate mathematical calculations, as if thousands of years ago an unknown civilization undertook a global-scale project of mapping the entire planet like no one has ever done before. The result: numerous ancient maps that according to many prove our history is not what we’ve been told.

The Zeno Map. Published around 1380, the enigmatic maps accurately depicts the coasts of modern-day countries such as Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and Scotland. This ancient map also happens to depict—somehow—the EXACT latitude and longitude of a number of islands on our planet.

The Camerio map, created in 1502 uses a spherical grid, even though people in the middle ages still believed our planet was in fact… flat.

The Iehudi Ibn ben Zara map, drawn in 1487 displays remnants of glaciers in Britain. The map also includes extremely detailed depictions of islands in the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. Today, these islands still exist, but due to rising water levels, these are now underwater.

The Hadji Ahmed map, published in 1559, shows incredibly accurate delineations of the western coast of Northern America and Antarctica.

The Buache map—created around 1737— is believed to be the result of much more ancient maps. This chart depicts Antarctica well before the ‘icy’ continent was in fact discovered. Interestingly, like many other ancient maps, this too accurately illustrates Antarctica without ice.

Another shocking map is the King Jaime World Chart. Created in 1502, the map accurately depicts parts of the Sahara Desert displaying it much differently than it is today: with fertile land, huge lakes rivers and what appear to be ancient cities.

The Oronce Finé World Map created in 1534, is an early cordiform chart which displays features of Antarctica when the continent was not covered by Ice.

Just as the Buache map, the Piri Reis Map—one of the most famous ancient charts—is supposedly a collection of even older maps, displaying the correct coastline of Antarctica as it was under the ice. The map was composed around 1520 and in addition to displaying Antarctica without ice, it accurately depicts the geography of the American Continent with such a precision that it looks as if it was put together with the aid of aerial photography.

Is it possible that all of the above maps are the result of an advanced ancient civilization that somehow managed to map the entire planet thousands of years ago—perhaps before the last ice age?

If so, who was this mysterious civilization and does this provide enough ground to venture out and say advanced ancient civilization—like Atlantis—may have existed on Earth, terns of thousands of years ago?

Reference:

Six Ancient Maps that should not exist according to mainstream Scholars

All over the world, experts have found countless puzzling monuments, artifacts, and places that have remained a mystery ever since their discovery. Some of these findings literally rewrite history as we know it.

Countless theories have been proposed throughout the years trying to explain some of them, however, not even the best scholars can agree on the purpose, reason and building process of some of these sites/structures.

In this article, we take a look at FIVE discoveries that still continue to baffle experts

Stonehenge

One of the best-known ancient sites—other than the Pyramids of Giza—is without Stonehenge. This prehistoric ancient monument is one of the most famous landmarks on Earth. Curiously, it is also one of the most mysterious.

The intricate set of stones was built around 4,000 years ago and is considered as one of the most impressive feats for primitive man who was able to erect it. Not a single archaeologist has successfully explained how it was built. Interestingly, the how isn’t perhaps as mysterious as the why.

Countless theories have tried explaining the real purpose of Stonehenge, yet experts have still failed to agree on one.

Was Stonehenge an Astronomical observatory? Was it a religious temple? Was it burial site? We still do not know.

Gobekli Tepe

Discovered in 1994, Gobekli Tepe has pushed history to the point of where we need to rewrite everything we thought we knew about our ancestors.

The discovery of Gobekli Tepe has raised countless questions about the evolution of civilization and complex societies that may have existed tens of thousands of years ago.

This ancient site is believed to be at least 12,000 years old, meaning that it predates Stonehenge by around 6,500 years and the Pyramids at Giza by around 7,000 years.

The main structures of Göbekli Tepe are a series of three rectilinear structures which are located below the surface, defined by dry-stone walls, and containing multiple decorated T-shaped pillars. The stones were used mainly as support for the roof, although it cannot be excluded that these had a symbolic purpose.

To date, experts have still NO IDEA who built this massive, fascinating site around 12,000 years ago. Göbekli Tepe is considered the world’s first temple. Most of this ancient site still remains buried. Whoever built it, made sure the complex would survive along thousands of years, by backfilling the various sites and burying them deep under. So far, excavations and geomagnetic results revealed that there are at least 20 stone circles –temples— on the site. All of the pillars at Göbekli Tepe are t-shaped and range in height from 3 to 6 meters.

The Cochno Stone

The Cochno Stone is a mysterious, 5,000-year-old slab discovered in 1887 by the Rev. James Harvey. It features around 90 carved indentations, considered to be one of the finest sets of petroglyphs in Scotland. There is no consensus among archaeologists on the meaning of the intricate symbols found on its surface. Is it perhaps a map of the sky or the earth? An altar where rituals were held? According to some experts, represent an ancient cosmic map. The incredible markings are reminiscent of enormous crop circles that have so often been attributed to extraterrestrial civilizations. Interestingly, other similar slabs have been found in the north of Spain, Mexico, Greece and even in India.

The Inga Stone

Another mind-bending discovery is the so-called Inga Stone discovered in Brazil.

Believed to date back around 6,000 years, stands the Inga Stone, aka Itacoatiara, do Ingá. The Inga stone covers an area of two-hundred and fifty square meters. It is a vertical construction of 46 meters long and up to 3.8 meters high. The Inga stone displays carvings that are even today waiting to be deciphered. Researchers have found several carvings, figures, fruits, animals and other unknown figures, but most importantly carved on the Inga stone are the Milky Way and the constellation of Orion. Archaeologists state that the engravings on the stone have been performed with incredible precision and the details reveal a superb technique used by very skilled artists who certainly were very gifted and capable of creating these amazing engravings.

The MASSIVE Stone structure beneath the Sea of Galilee

Beneath the Sea of Galilee is a MASSIVE mysterious cone-shaped structure made of “basalt stones and uncut boulders”, with a weight of around 60,000 tons according to researchers. Its purpose and origin—like many other ancient structures—remains a profound mystery for experts.

With a height of around 10 meters and a diameter of approximately 70 meters, the structure is a massive mystery. Scientists believe that in order to build a structure like this, its creators had to invest a lot of hours of work in an organized community effort. How they managed to transport the megalithic blocks of stone is a question that no one has been able to explain. Archaeologists argue that judging by what they have been able to see, its builders belonged to a “complex and well-organized society” with “skills in economic planning.”

It seems that Scientists have supposedly confirmed the existence of ‘God’ after ‘proving’ a mathematician’s theory which suggests a ‘HIGHER POWER’ exists.

According to two scientists, they may have proven –once and for all— that there is a –holy- force out there, after confirming complex mathematical equations.

Around 1941, Mathematician Kurt Gödel created a long and complex theory based on MODAL LOGIC. Called Gödel’s ontological proof it presupposes the notion of positive and negative properties, and proves the necessary existence of an object which each positive property, but no negative property, applies to.

Gödel’s theory is based on mathematical equations which are very sophisticated, but as most things in history, they are based on far more ancient ‘models’.

Gödel’s ontological proof is a modern version of the ontological argument for the existence of God of St. Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109), a Benedictine monk who was archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 until his death.

His argument, in summary is the following: “By definition, God is that from which nothing greater can be conceived. If such a being fails to exist, then a greater being—namely, a being than which no greater can be conceived, and which exists—can be conceived. But this would be absurd: nothing can be greater than a being than which no greater can be conceived. So a being than which no greater can be conceived—i.e., God—exists.

The essence is that no greater power than God can be conceived, and if he or she is believed as a concept then he or she can exist in reality.

Many of the demonstrations –such as those written above— are based on assigning the concept of “God” a maximum property. Gödel’s demonstration, on the other hand, tries to use a minimal argument, so it focuses on the “essence” of the positive properties that characterize God.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZI5_0QCgj0

Gödel’s Ontological Argument as interpreted by Anderson, 1990:

Definition 1: x is God-like if and only if x has as essential properties those and only those properties which are positive

Definition 2: A is an essence of x if and only if for every property B, x has B necessarily if and only if A entails B

Definition 3: x necessarily exists if and only if every essence of x is necessarily exemplified

Axiom 1: If a property is positive, then its negation is not positive.

Axiom 2: Any property entailed by—i.e., strictly implied by—a positive property is positive

Axiom 3: The property of being God-like is positive

Axiom 4: If a property is positive, then it is necessarily positive

Axiom 5: Necessary existence is positive

Axiom 6: For any property P, if P is positive, then being necessarily P is positive.

Theorem 1: If a property is positive, then it is consistent, i.e., possibly exemplified.

Corollary 1: The property of being God-like is consistent.

Theorem 2: If something is God-like, then the property of being God-like is an essence of that thing.

Theorem 3: Necessarily, the property of being God-like is exemplified.

Easy , right?

Well, two computer scientists may have proven that such complicated equation odes indeed add up, and God is real.

The two computer scientists argue that they were not directly trying to prove –nor disprove— the existence of God, but only showcase the power of their computers.

Speaking to Spiegel Online, Christoph Benzmüller of Berlin’s Free University, who ran the calculations along with Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo of the Technical University in Vienna said:

“It’s totally amazing that from this argument led by Gödel, all this stuff can be proven automatically in a few seconds or even less on a standard notebook.

“I didn’t know it would create such a huge public interest but [Gödel’s ontological proof] was definitely a better example than something inaccessible in mathematics or artificial intelligence…

“It’s a very small, crisp thing, because we are just dealing with six axioms in a little theorem.

“There might be other things that use similar logic.”

Ultimately, the formalization of Gödel’s ontological proof is unlikely to win over many atheists, nor is it likely to comfort true believers.

Featured image: Getty

Reference:

Ontological Arguments, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Formalization, Mechanization and Automation of Gödel’s Proof of God’s Existence